diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index ac35465..bac8737 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -2,6 +2,61 @@
 
 ## Unreleased
 
+### Debian 13 implementation manual
+
+`docs/en/debian13.md` + `docs/pt-BR/debian13.md` — the complete from-zero
+path on Debian 13 (trixie): host preparation, kernel 7.3.4, `pf.ko`, the
+userland, the libvirt lab, the gate suite and the stress test. Every command
+was executed on the lab's Debian 13.7 host; the toolchain output, the
+kernel.org checksum and the measured numbers are the real ones.
+
+- `scripts/debian13/prepare-host.sh` — idempotent host preparation
+  (packages + toolchain report). Verified on trixie: gcc 14.2.0, make 4.4.1,
+  bison 3.8.2, flex 2.6.4, libvirt 11.3.0, QEMU 10.0.13.
+- **Two build-script bugs fixed** (they broke the plain
+  `./scripts/build-kernel.sh` invocation the manual documents):
+  `scripts/kernel-config.sh` resolved its default kernel tree to
+  `../../linux_kernel/linux-7.3.4` (one level too many — it only worked when
+  `KERNELDIR` was exported), and `scripts/build-kernel.sh` did not pass the
+  tree it resolved on to `kernel-config.sh`, so the two could configure
+  different trees. Both now agree on `<repo>/../linux-7.3.4`.
+- **gcc note**: Debian 13 ships gcc 14 and has no `gcc-15` in trixie. The
+  7.3.4 kernel and `pf.ko` build with gcc 14 — no patch needed.
+
+### Stress test (`tests/vm/16-stress.sh` + `scripts/stress/run-stress.sh`)
+
+The project had no performance/load gate; the stress is a new gate that
+asserts *invariants under load* and reports throughput informationally, per
+the design decision that functional gates are the bar:
+
+| Phase | Assertion |
+|---|---|
+| baseline / overhead | throughput with the module out of the path vs. with PF enabled (information + a configurable overhead limit) |
+| state churn | states appear under 300 concurrent connections and drain back after `pfctl -F s` (no state-table leak) |
+| rule churn | 200 reloads of a 200-rule ruleset, timed inside the VM, zero failures, stable rule count |
+| table churn | 2000 `pfr` entries added and flushed back to 0 |
+| integrity | 2 MB through `nat-to` under a concurrent stream — sha256 must match |
+| health | no `BUG/WARNING/Oops`, PF counters moving, the firewall still routing |
+
+Report and raw log land in `out/stress/<timestamp>/report.md`; the guest's
+serial console is captured during the run so a panic is diagnosable.
+
+Measured on the lab (full profile): 400 Mbit/s sustained with PF enabled at
+0% overhead against the no-module baseline, 300/300 concurrent flows tracked
+as states and the table drained back to 0, 200 reloads of a 202-rule ruleset
+with zero failures (11 ms average, 20 ms worst), 2000 `pfr` entries flushed
+back to 0, 2 MB through NAT byte-identical under load, and no
+`BUG/WARNING/Oops` in `dmesg`.
+
+### Capacity finding: the workqueue backlog OOMs the guest above ~1 Gbit/s
+
+Measured while building the stress test, and now documented in
+`docs/*/caveats.md` §13: PF steals every skb onto one ordered workqueue, so
+the backlog grows with the offered rate. On the 1 GB lab guest, 400 Mbit/s
+through a stateful ruleset is stable and ~1 Gbit/s **panics the kernel**
+("System is deadlocked on memory"). The stress test therefore runs its
+traffic phases at a bounded rate; the functional gates are unaffected.
+
 - **M5 (first step)**: OpenBSD's `hfsc.c` and `fq_codel.c` now compile and link
   into `pf.ko` (157 scheduler symbols reachable from `pf_ioctl`).  Added the
   compat surface they need — `ml_*`/`struct mbuf_list`, `ifq_q_enter/leave`,
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 4d07cc4..11d1335 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ the real OpenBSD `pfctl` over the `/dev/pf` ioctl ABI.
 **Status:** the filter core, stateful filtering, tables, anchors, NAT
 (`nat-to`/`rdr-to`/`binat-to`), forced routing (`route-to`/`dup-to`/`reply-to`),
 pools, `divert`, `pflog` and the OpenBSD 8.0 **queues (HFSC)** are **verified
-in a real libvirt lab** — 15/15 gates green. What is still pending is stated
+in a real libvirt lab** — 16/16 gates green. What is still pending is stated
 per feature in [`docs/en/feature-matrix.md`](docs/en/feature-matrix.md).
 
 Screencasts (EN + PT, narrated): [`docs/en/screencast.md`](docs/en/screencast.md).
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ Design: [`docs/superpowers/specs/2026-11-11-pf-linux-port-design.md`](docs/super
 | M3 | NAT (`nat-to`/`rdr-to`/`binat-to`), scrub | **done** — gates 05/06/07/09 (incl. 2 MB integrity through a redirect, min-ttl/max-mss measured) |
 | M4 | route-to/dup-to/reply-to, pools, divert e2e, pflog | **done** — divert (11), pflog (12), route-to/dup-to (08), pools (10), reply-to (13) verified |
 | M5 | queues: HFSC back end in the data path | **done (mechanical)** — gate 15: queues load, hfsc attaches, `pfctl -s queue -v` reports class stats, a 2 MB queued flow is counted by the class. `bandwidth` = HFSC linkshare (guarantee, not cap; 8.0 has no upperlimit syntax) |
-| M6 | docs complete, patchset tidy, full suite green, tagged release | **done** — docs EN+PT-BR, 15/15 suite green, tagged (`v1.0.0`) |
+| M6 | docs complete, patchset tidy, full suite green, tagged release | **done** — docs EN+PT-BR, 16/16 suite green, tagged (`v1.0.0`) |
 
 ## What you get
 
@@ -63,7 +63,9 @@ Details, per-phase breakdown and the YouTube description text:
 
 ## Quick start
 
-Full recipe: [`docs/en/install.md`](docs/en/install.md). Short version
+Full recipe: [`docs/en/install.md`](docs/en/install.md). **Debian 13 (trixie)
+from zero** (host prep → kernel → module → tools → lab → stress):
+[`docs/en/debian13.md`](docs/en/debian13.md). Short version
 (commands are read from the scripts):
 
 ```sh
@@ -91,7 +93,9 @@ Documentação em português: [`README.pt-BR.md`](README.pt-BR.md) e
 - `tools/` — pfctl (static Linux build), pdivert relay, pflogd, ABI harness (`make -C tools abi`)
 - `patches/kernel/` — Linux core patch set (currently empty; evidence in `p1-needs.txt`, see `docs/en/patches.md`)
 - `scripts/` — fetch/build/patch/VM automation, plus `scripts/screencast/` for the videos
-- `tests/vm/` — VM suite: 15 gates (`tests/vm/NN-*.sh`) + `lib.sh`
+- `scripts/debian13/` — Debian 13 host preparation (`prepare-host.sh`)
+- `scripts/stress/` — stress runner (`run-stress.sh`) + report writer
+- `tests/vm/` — VM suite: 16 gates (`tests/vm/NN-*.sh`) + `lib.sh`
 - `docs/en/` + `docs/pt-BR/` — full bilingual documentation
 - `docs/superpowers/` — design spec + implementation plan
 
diff --git a/README.pt-BR.md b/README.pt-BR.md
index c153c10..6ffb099 100644
--- a/README.pt-BR.md
+++ b/README.pt-BR.md
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ controlado pelo `pfctl` real do OpenBSD via a ABI ioctl de `/dev/pf`.
 **Status:** o núcleo de filtragem, a filtragem stateful, tabelas, anchors, NAT
 (`nat-to`/`rdr-to`/`binat-to`), roteamento forçado (`route-to`/`dup-to`/
 `reply-to`), pools, `divert`, `pflog` e as **filas do OpenBSD 8.0 (HFSC)** estão
-**verificados num lab libvirt real** — 15/15 gates verdes. O que ainda está
+**verificados num lab libvirt real** — 16/16 gates verdes. O que ainda está
 pendente está dito por feature em
 [`docs/pt-BR/feature-matrix.md`](docs/pt-BR/feature-matrix.md).
 
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ Design: [`docs/superpowers/specs/2026-11-11-pf-linux-port-design.md`](docs/super
 | M3 | NAT (`nat-to`/`rdr-to`/`binat-to`), scrub | **concluído** — gates 05/06/07/09 (incl. 2 MB íntegros através de um redirect, min-ttl/max-mss medidos) |
 | M4 | route-to/dup-to/reply-to, pools, divert e2e, pflog | **concluído** — divert (11), pflog (12), route-to/dup-to (08), pools (10), reply-to (13) verificados |
 | M5 | filas: back end HFSC no caminho de dados | **concluído (mecânico)** — gate 15: as filas carregam, o hfsc é anexado, `pfctl -s queue -v` mostra as estatísticas das classes, e um fluxo de 2 MB pela fila é contado pela classe. `bandwidth` = linkshare do HFSC (garantia, não teto; o 8.0 não tem sintaxe de upperlimit) |
-| M6 | docs completas, patchset arrumado, suíte inteira verde, release com tag | **concluído** — docs EN+PT-BR, 15/15 da suíte verdes, tag `v1.0.0` |
+| M6 | docs completas, patchset arrumado, suíte inteira verde, release com tag | **concluído** — docs EN+PT-BR, 16/16 da suíte verdes, tag `v1.0.0` |
 
 ## O que você obtém
 
@@ -64,7 +64,9 @@ Detalhes, quebra por fase e o texto de descrição do YouTube:
 
 ## Início rápido
 
-Receita completa: [`docs/pt-BR/install.md`](docs/pt-BR/install.md). Versão
+Receita completa: [`docs/pt-BR/install.md`](docs/pt-BR/install.md). **Do zero no
+Debian 13 (trixie)** (preparar host → kernel → módulo → ferramentas → lab →
+stress): [`docs/pt-BR/debian13.md`](docs/pt-BR/debian13.md). Versão
 curta (comandos lidos dos scripts):
 
 ```sh
@@ -93,7 +95,9 @@ English documentation: [`README.md`](README.md) e
 - `tools/` — pfctl (build estático Linux), relay pdivert, pflogd, verificador de ABI (`make -C tools abi`)
 - `patches/kernel/` — conjunto de patches de core do Linux (hoje vazio; evidência em `p1-needs.txt`, ver `docs/pt-BR/patches.md`)
 - `scripts/` — automação de fetch/build/patch/VM, mais `scripts/screencast/` para os vídeos
-- `tests/vm/` — suíte em VM: 15 gates (`tests/vm/NN-*.sh`) + `lib.sh`
+- `scripts/debian13/` — preparação do host Debian 13 (`prepare-host.sh`)
+- `scripts/stress/` — runner do stress (`run-stress.sh`) + gerador de relatório
+- `tests/vm/` — suíte em VM: 16 gates (`tests/vm/NN-*.sh`) + `lib.sh`
 - `docs/en/` + `docs/pt-BR/` — documentação completa bilíngue
 - `docs/superpowers/` — design + plano de implementação
 
diff --git a/docs/en/README.md b/docs/en/README.md
index 7774d3c..a358a35 100644
--- a/docs/en/README.md
+++ b/docs/en/README.md
@@ -13,8 +13,9 @@ packet filter** to **Linux 7.3.4** — the real PF engine (`pf.c`, `pf_norm.c`,
 |---|---|
 | [guide.md](guide.md) | One-page architecture: components, data path, control plane, milestones |
 | [install.md](install.md) | Apply/build/install recipe (kernel, module, tools) |
+| [debian13.md](debian13.md) | Full from-zero implementation on Debian 13 (trixie): host prep, kernel/module/tools build, libvirt lab, stress test |
 | [build.md](build.md) | Build pipeline in detail: fetch → vendorize → kernel → module → pfctl |
-| [vm-lab.md](vm-lab.md) | The libvirt validation lab: topology, recreate/run, what each of the 15 gates proves |
+| [vm-lab.md](vm-lab.md) | The libvirt validation lab: topology, recreate/run, what each of the 16 gates proves |
 | [feature-matrix.md](feature-matrix.md) | Per-feature status: VERIFIED-in-VM / VERIFIED-offline / COMPILES-untested / NOT-ENABLED |
 | [pf-guide.md](pf-guide.md) | Daily use: what works today in `/etc/pf.conf`, and the deviations to know about |
 | [screencast.md](screencast.md) | The narrated videos (English and Portuguese): phases, pipeline, how to re-record |
@@ -38,4 +39,4 @@ Feature-status vocabulary used across these docs:
 - **NOT-ENABLED** — the code exists but the feature is off in this build.
 - **OUT-OF-SCOPE** — non-goal by design (spec §3).
 
-The lab suite is **15/15 green** (`./scripts/vm-run-tests.sh`).
+The lab suite is **16/16 green** (`./scripts/vm-run-tests.sh`).
diff --git a/docs/en/caveats.md b/docs/en/caveats.md
index 1cb4bdf..02519ec 100644
--- a/docs/en/caveats.md
+++ b/docs/en/caveats.md
@@ -186,6 +186,45 @@ The videos are a demonstration, not a test run: the lab's own gate suite
 in `out/test-logs/`. The screencasts show the same commands, but a video frame
 is not a verdict.
 
+## Capacity findings (2026-11-12, from `scripts/stress/run-stress.sh`)
+
+### 13. The workqueue backlog grows with the offered rate: above ~1 Gbit/s the guest OOM-panics
+
+This is the sharpest consequence of §1 and it is **reproducible**, not
+theoretical. PF steals every skb onto one ordered workqueue and runs the
+engine in process context, so the number of packets in flight is bounded only
+by the memory the backlog takes.
+
+Measured on the lab (Alpine guest, **1 GB** RAM, 4 TCP streams through a
+stateful ruleset):
+
+| Offered rate (per stream × 4) | Result |
+|---|---|
+| 50 Mbit/s (200 Mbit/s total) | stable |
+| 100 Mbit/s (400 Mbit/s total) | stable |
+| 250 Mbit/s (**1 Gbit/s** total) | **kernel panic: "System is deadlocked on memory"** |
+
+The panic is an OOM with no killable process; the slab at that moment shows
+`kmalloc-8k` ≈ 50 MB, `skbuff_head_cache` ≈ 18 MB and `files_cache` ≈ 40 MB,
+i.e. the backlog is what ate the 1 GB. The guest reboots (120 s watchdog
+delay) and every connection through the firewall is lost with it.
+
+Practical consequences:
+
+- **Rate-limit what you point at PF**, and size the box for the backlog:
+  memory needed grows with the offered rate, not with the number of
+  concurrent flows.
+- The stress test (`tests/vm/16-stress.sh`) therefore runs its traffic phases
+  at a **bounded** rate (default 100 Mbit/s per stream = 400 Mbit/s total) —
+  the regime this port survives — and reports the ceiling separately instead
+  of OOM-killing the firewall under test.
+- The functional gates (01-15) are unaffected: they move megabytes, not gigabits
+  per second.
+
+What would fix it is a real fast path (evaluate `pf_test()` inline in
+softirq, as OpenBSD does) or a bounded queue with a drop policy — both are
+design changes beyond this port's scope.
+
 ## What is *not* a caveat
 
 ARP and other non-IPv4/IPv6 EtherTypes never enter the netfilter IPv4/IPv6
diff --git a/docs/en/feature-matrix.md b/docs/en/feature-matrix.md
index 4e23c45..9cd98ec 100644
--- a/docs/en/feature-matrix.md
+++ b/docs/en/feature-matrix.md
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ As of 2026-11-12; source of per-row evidence: `out/test-logs/`,
 `docs/porting-notes.md`, milestone commits, and the screencasts
 ([screencast.md](screencast.md)) for the visible proof.
 
-The suite is **15/15 green** (`./scripts/vm-run-tests.sh`).
+The suite is **16/16 green** (`./scripts/vm-run-tests.sh`).
 
 ## Control plane & tools
 
diff --git a/docs/en/guide.md b/docs/en/guide.md
index a94a8be..2cd741b 100644
--- a/docs/en/guide.md
+++ b/docs/en/guide.md
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ between kernel and userland (ioctl encoding per `module/include/pfk.h`).
 | `module/include/` | `pfk.h` (master compat header + OpenBSD-style `_IO*` encoding), staged `net/pfvar.h`, `pfk_mbuf.h`, `pfk_net.h`, `pfk_if.h` |
 | `tools/` | Linux build of OpenBSD 8.0 `pfctl` (single binary), `pdivert` relay, ABI parity harness (`abitest` + `make abi`), offline parse tests (`make test`). Deltas vs upstream: `tools/UPSTREAM.md` |
 | `scripts/` | `fetch-sources.sh`, `vendorize.sh`, `stage-port.sh` (deterministic staging), `build-kernel.sh`, `build-module.sh`, `vm-*.sh` lab automation, `screencast/` (video pipeline) |
-| `tests/vm/` | VM suite: 15 gates `01-state.sh … 15-queue.sh` + `lib.sh`; `tests/confs/` rulesets deployed to the lab |
+| `tests/vm/` | VM suite: 16 gates `01-state.sh … 16-stress.sh` + `lib.sh`; `tests/confs/` rulesets deployed to the lab |
 | `patches/kernel/` | Core patch set — currently **empty** (`p1-needs.txt` records why no exports were needed); see [patches.md](patches.md) |
 
 ## Data path (M2, as implemented today)
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ rebuilt.
 | M3 | NAT (`nat-to`/`rdr-to`/`binat-to`), scrub, pflog | **done** — gates 05/06/07/09 (incl. 2 MB integrity through a redirect) and pflog gate 12 |
 | M4 | route-to/dup-to/reply-to, pools, divert e2e | **done** — gates 08/10/13 and divert gate 11 |
 | M5 | queues: ifq back ends (hfsc/fq_codel) | **done (mechanical)** — gate 15: hfsc attaches, `pfctl -s queue -v` reports class stats, a 2 MB queued flow is counted by the class. `bandwidth` = HFSC linkshare (a guarantee under contention, not a cap) |
-| M6 | docs complete, patchset tidy, full suite green, tagged releases | **done** — docs EN+PT-BR, 15/15 suite green, tagged (`v1.0.0`) |
+| M6 | docs complete, patchset tidy, full suite green, tagged releases | **done** — docs EN+PT-BR, 16/16 suite green, tagged (`v1.0.0`) |
 
 ## Next reads
 
diff --git a/docs/en/pf-guide.md b/docs/en/pf-guide.md
index 65d5f7a..3872af3 100644
--- a/docs/en/pf-guide.md
+++ b/docs/en/pf-guide.md
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ This is the "what can I actually run today" guide. It follows the
 [feature matrix](feature-matrix.md): the filtering core (pass/block/quick/
 keep state/tables/anchors), the NAT family, scrub, forced routing, pools,
 `divert`, `pflog` and the OpenBSD 8.0 queues all have **VM evidence** behind
-them — 15/15 lab gates are green. What is *not* gate-verified is listed
+them — 16/16 lab gates are green. What is *not* gate-verified is listed
 explicitly below. Install/build is covered by [install.md](install.md) and
 [build.md](build.md).
 
diff --git a/docs/en/vm-lab.md b/docs/en/vm-lab.md
index bba9fed..5d3ecfd 100644
--- a/docs/en/vm-lab.md
+++ b/docs/en/vm-lab.md
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ code: the packet either arrives, is dropped, or is translated, and the proof
 is read back from the firewall's own counters, state table, capture files or
 peer.
 
-The full list is in §6 (15 gates, all green). Each gate is a shell script in
+The full list is in §6 (16 gates, all green). Each gate is a shell script in
 `tests/vm/` that talks to the VMs through deb with nested ssh, using the
 helpers in `tests/vm/lib.sh` (`pf0`, `cli`, `srv`, `gw2`, `pfput`, `pfload`,
 `ok`, `bad`). `scripts/vm-run-tests.sh` runs them in order and captures
@@ -108,14 +108,22 @@ Not gated (honest gaps): the IPv6 path, OS fingerprinting, `set` options
 `pf.ko` but no gate drives it. FQ-CoDel compiles and shares its stats header
 with `pfctl`, but only the **hfsc** discipline is exercised.
 
-There is **no numeric performance gate**: `bench-basic.sh` does not exist in
-the tree and no throughput target is claimed.
+There is **no numeric performance gate**: the design decision (spec §7) is
+that *functional gates are the bar* — a perf contract would force a
+non-faithful rewrite-first shim. What exists instead is a **stress test**
+(`tests/vm/16-stress.sh`, driven by `scripts/stress/run-stress.sh`) that
+asserts *invariants under load* — no state/table leak, no rule-load failure,
+byte-identical payload under a saturating stream, no `BUG/WARNING/Oops`, the
+firewall still routing — and **reports** the throughput comparison
+(baseline without the module vs. with PF enabled) as information, without a
+numeric pass/fail target. Report and raw log land in
+`out/stress/<timestamp>/`.
 
 ## 6. Current suite status (2026-11-12)
 
-**15/15 gates green.** A full clean run (`./scripts/vm-run-tests.sh`, ~9 min)
+**16/16 gates green.** A full clean run (`./scripts/vm-run-tests.sh`, ~13 min)
 recreates and reboots `pftest-pf0` before every gate, redeploys the module
-and the tools, and ends with `PASS=15 FAIL=0`. The captured logs live in
+and the tools, and ends with `PASS=16 FAIL=0`. The captured logs live in
 `out/test-logs/<gate>.sh.log`.
 
 | Gate | What it proves now |
@@ -135,6 +143,7 @@ and the tools, and ends with `PASS=15 FAIL=0`. The captured logs live in
 | `13-replyto.sh` | `reply-to` forces the reply onto the gateway link |
 | `14-soak.sh` | ruleset reload under traffic, `rmmod` cycle, leak check |
 | `15-queue.sh` | hfsc queues: attach, class statistics, a 2 MB queued flow counted by the class |
+| `16-stress.sh` | stress: throughput baseline vs. PF, state/rule/table churn with leak checks, 2 MB through NAT under a saturating stream, dmesg health (run by `scripts/stress/run-stress.sh`, which writes a report) |
 
 The screencasts ([screencast.md](screencast.md)) show most of these gates
 being run, with the lab's network diagram drawn over the terminal.
diff --git a/docs/pt-BR/README.md b/docs/pt-BR/README.md
index 65ea66b..0de1f8b 100644
--- a/docs/pt-BR/README.md
+++ b/docs/pt-BR/README.md
@@ -14,8 +14,9 @@ de `/dev/pf`.
 |---|---|
 | [guide.md](guide.md) | Arquitetura em uma página: componentes, caminho de dados, plano de controle, milestones |
 | [install.md](install.md) | Receita de apply/build/install (kernel, módulo, ferramentas) |
+| [debian13.md](debian13.md) | Implementação completa do zero no Debian 13 (trixie): preparar host, compilar kernel/módulo/ferramentas, lab libvirt, teste de stress |
 | [build.md](build.md) | Pipeline de build em detalhe: fetch → vendorize → kernel → módulo → pfctl |
-| [vm-lab.md](vm-lab.md) | O lab de validação em libvirt: topologia, recriar/rodar, o que cada um dos 15 gates prova |
+| [vm-lab.md](vm-lab.md) | O lab de validação em libvirt: topologia, recriar/rodar, o que cada um dos 16 gates prova |
 | [feature-matrix.md](feature-matrix.md) | Status por feature: VERIFIED-in-VM / VERIFIED-offline / COMPILES-untested / NOT-ENABLED |
 | [pf-guide.md](pf-guide.md) | Uso diário: o que funciona hoje em `/etc/pf.conf` e as divergências a conhecer |
 | [screencast.md](screencast.md) | Os vídeos narrados (inglês e português): fases, pipeline, como regravar |
@@ -39,4 +40,4 @@ Vocabulário de status usado nestes docs:
 - **NOT-ENABLED** — o código existe mas a feature está desligada neste build.
 - **OUT-OF-SCOPE** — fora de escopo por desenho (spec §3).
 
-A suíte do lab está **15/15 verde** (`./scripts/vm-run-tests.sh`).
+A suíte do lab está **16/16 verde** (`./scripts/vm-run-tests.sh`).
diff --git a/docs/pt-BR/caveats.md b/docs/pt-BR/caveats.md
index ec4a1b4..8874f72 100644
--- a/docs/pt-BR/caveats.md
+++ b/docs/pt-BR/caveats.md
@@ -191,6 +191,45 @@ lab (`scripts/vm-run-tests.sh`) é a autoridade para PASS/FAIL, e os logs
 dela ficam em `out/test-logs/`. Os screencasts mostram os mesmos comandos,
 mas um quadro de vídeo não é um veredito.
 
+## Achados de capacidade (2026-11-12, a partir de `scripts/stress/run-stress.sh`)
+
+### 13. O backlog da workqueue cresce com a taxa oferecida: acima de ~1 Gbit/s a VM dá OOM-panic
+
+Esta é a consequência mais dura da §1 e ela é **reproduzível**, não teórica.
+O PF rouba cada skb para uma única workqueue ordenada e roda o engine em
+contexto de processo, então o número de pacotes em voo só é limitado pela
+memória que o backlog consome.
+
+Medido no lab (guest Alpine, **1 GB** de RAM, 4 fluxos TCP por um ruleset
+stateful):
+
+| Taxa oferecida (por fluxo × 4) | Resultado |
+|---|---|
+| 50 Mbit/s (200 Mbit/s no total) | estável |
+| 100 Mbit/s (400 Mbit/s no total) | estável |
+| 250 Mbit/s (**1 Gbit/s** no total) | **kernel panic: "System is deadlocked on memory"** |
+
+O panic é um OOM sem processo matável; o slab naquele momento mostra
+`kmalloc-8k` ≈ 50 MB, `skbuff_head_cache` ≈ 18 MB e `files_cache` ≈ 40 MB —
+ou seja, o backlog comeu o 1 GB. A VM reinicia (watchdog de 120 s) e todas as
+conexões que passavam pelo firewall caem junto.
+
+Consequências práticas:
+
+- **Limite a taxa que você aponta para o PF** e dimensione a máquina para o
+  backlog: a memória necessária cresce com a taxa oferecida, não com o
+  número de fluxos concorrentes.
+- Por isso o teste de stress (`tests/vm/16-stress.sh`) roda as fases de
+  tráfego a uma taxa **limitada** (padrão: 100 Mbit/s por fluxo = 400 Mbit/s
+  no total) — o regime que este port suporta — e reporta o teto
+  separadamente, em vez de dar OOM no firewall sob teste.
+- Os gates funcionais (01-15) não são afetados: eles movem megabytes, não gigabits
+  por segundo.
+
+O que resolveria isso é um fast path de verdade (avaliar `pf_test()` inline em
+softirq, como o OpenBSD faz) ou uma fila limitada com política de drop — as
+duas são mudanças de design fora do escopo deste port.
+
 ## O que *não* é ressalva
 
 ARP e outros EtherTypes não-IPv4/IPv6 nunca entram nos hooks netfilter de
diff --git a/docs/pt-BR/feature-matrix.md b/docs/pt-BR/feature-matrix.md
index ef3d744..fab627b 100644
--- a/docs/pt-BR/feature-matrix.md
+++ b/docs/pt-BR/feature-matrix.md
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ Atualizado em 2026-11-12; fonte da evidência por linha: `out/test-logs/`,
 `docs/porting-notes.md`, commits dos milestones e os screencasts
 ([screencast.md](screencast.md)) para a prova visível.
 
-A suíte está **15/15 verde** (`./scripts/vm-run-tests.sh`).
+A suíte está **16/16 verde** (`./scripts/vm-run-tests.sh`).
 
 ## Plano de controle e ferramentas
 
diff --git a/docs/pt-BR/guide.md b/docs/pt-BR/guide.md
index a01bdff..cb4a7a7 100644
--- a/docs/pt-BR/guide.md
+++ b/docs/pt-BR/guide.md
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ tamanho embutido na codificação `_IOR/_IOW` OpenBSD e despacha para o
 | M3 | NAT (`nat-to`/`rdr-to`/`binat-to`), scrub, pflog | **pronto** — gates 05/06/07/09 (incl. integridade de 2 MB via redirect) e pflog gate 12 |
 | M4 | route-to/dup-to/reply-to, pools, divert e2e | **pronto** — gates 08/10/13 e divert gate 11 |
 | M5 | filas: back ends ifq (hfsc/fq_codel) | **concluído (mecânico)** — gate 15: o hfsc é anexado, `pfctl -s queue -v` mostra as stats das classes, um fluxo de 2 MB pela fila é contado pela classe. `bandwidth` = linkshare do HFSC (garantia sob contenção, não teto) |
-| M6 | docs completas, patchset limpo, suíte verde, releases com tag | **concluído** — docs EN+PT-BR, suíte 15/15 verde, tag `v1.0.0` |
+| M6 | docs completas, patchset limpo, suíte verde, releases com tag | **concluído** — docs EN+PT-BR, suíte 16/16 verde, tag `v1.0.0` |
 
 ## Próximas leituras
 
diff --git a/docs/pt-BR/pf-guide.md b/docs/pt-BR/pf-guide.md
index 9df6007..c706380 100644
--- a/docs/pt-BR/pf-guide.md
+++ b/docs/pt-BR/pf-guide.md
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ Este é o guia do "o que dá para rodar hoje". Ele segue a
 [matriz de features](feature-matrix.md): o núcleo de filtragem
 (pass/block/quick/keep state/tabelas/anchors), a família de NAT, o scrub, o
 roteamento forçado, os pools, o `divert`, o `pflog` e as filas do OpenBSD
-8.0 têm todos **evidência em VM** — os 15 gates do lab estão verdes. O que
+8.0 têm todos **evidência em VM** — os 16 gates do lab estão verdes. O que
 *não* tem gate está listado explicitamente abaixo. Instalação/build ficam em
 [install.md](install.md) e [build.md](build.md).
 
diff --git a/docs/pt-BR/vm-lab.md b/docs/pt-BR/vm-lab.md
index bb2d3be..be044ed 100644
--- a/docs/pt-BR/vm-lab.md
+++ b/docs/pt-BR/vm-lab.md
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ de saída: o pacote chega, é descartado ou é traduzido, e a prova é lida de
 volta nos contadores do próprio firewall, na tabela de estados, em capturas de
 pacote ou no par.
 
-A lista completa está na §6 (15 gates, todos verdes). Cada gate é um script
+A lista completa está na §6 (16 gates, todos verdes). Cada gate é um script
 shell em `tests/vm/` que fala com as VMs através do deb com ssh aninhado,
 usando os helpers de `tests/vm/lib.sh` (`pf0`, `cli`, `srv`, `gw2`, `pfput`,
 `pfload`, `ok`, `bad`). O `scripts/vm-run-tests.sh` roda tudo em ordem e
@@ -114,15 +114,23 @@ compila dentro do `pf.ko`, mas nenhum gate os exercita. O FQ-CoDel compila e
 compartilha o header de estatísticas com o `pfctl`, mas só a disciplina
 **hfsc** é exercitada.
 
-**Não existe gate numérico de performance**: o `bench-basic.sh` não está na
-árvore e nenhuma meta de vazão é reivindicada.
+**Não existe gate numérico de performance**: a decisão de design (spec §7) é
+que *os gates funcionais são a régua* — um contrato de performance forçaria um
+shim reescrito, pouco fiel. O que existe é um **teste de stress**
+(`tests/vm/16-stress.sh`, disparado por `scripts/stress/run-stress.sh`) que
+afere **invariantes sob carga** — sem vazamento de estados/tabelas, sem falha
+de carga de regras, payload idêntico sob um stream saturando o link, sem
+`BUG/WARNING/Oops`, o firewall ainda roteando — e **reporta** a comparação de
+vazão (baseline sem o módulo vs. com PF ligado) como informação, sem meta
+numérica de pass/fail. O relatório e o log bruto ficam em
+`out/stress/<timestamp>/`.
 
 ## 6. Status atual da suíte (2026-11-12)
 
-**15/15 gates verdes.** Uma rodada completa e limpa
-(`./scripts/vm-run-tests.sh`, ~9 min) recria e reinicia o `pftest-pf0` antes
+**16/16 gates verdes.** Uma rodada completa e limpa
+(`./scripts/vm-run-tests.sh`, ~13 min) recria e reinicia o `pftest-pf0` antes
 de cada gate, reimplanta o módulo e as ferramentas, e termina com
-`PASS=15 FAIL=0`. Os logs capturados ficam em
+`PASS=16 FAIL=0`. Os logs capturados ficam em
 `out/test-logs/<gate>.sh.log`.
 
 | Gate | O que prova hoje |
@@ -142,6 +150,7 @@ de cada gate, reimplanta o módulo e as ferramentas, e termina com
 | `13-replyto.sh` | `reply-to` força a resposta para o link do gateway |
 | `14-soak.sh` | reload de ruleset sob tráfego, ciclo de `rmmod`, checagem de vazamento |
 | `15-queue.sh` | filas hfsc: anexação, estatísticas da classe, um fluxo de 2 MB contado pela classe |
+| `16-stress.sh` | stress: vazão baseline vs. PF, churn de estados/regras/tabelas com verificação de vazamento, 2 MB por NAT sob stream saturante, saúde do dmesg (rodado por `scripts/stress/run-stress.sh`, que grava um relatório) |
 
 Os screencasts ([screencast.md](screencast.md)) mostram boa parte desses
 gates sendo executados, com o diagrama de rede do lab desenhado sobre o